War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg

The Battle of Bladensburg was fought on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders Americans Brigadier General William Winder6,900 men British Major General Robert RossRear Admiral George Cockburn4,500 men Battle of Bladensburg: Background With the defeat of Napoleon in early 1814, the British were able to turn increasing attention to their war with the United States. A secondary conflict while the wars with France raged, they now began sending additional troops west in an effort to win a swift victory. While General Sir George Prevost, the governor-general of Canada and commander of British forces in North America, commenced a series of campaigns from Canada, he directed Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, the commander in chief of the Royal Navys ships on the North American Station, to make strikes against the American coast. While Cochranes second-in-command, Rear Admiral George Cockburn, had been actively raiding the Chesapeake region for some time, reinforcements were en route. Learning that British troops were en route from Europe, President James Madison summoned his cabinet on July 1. At the meeting, Secretary of War John Armstrong argued that the enemy would not attack Washington, DC as it lacked strategic importance and offered Baltimore as a more likely target. To meet a potential threat in the Chesapeake, Armstrong designated the area around the two cities as the Tenth Military District and assigned Brigadier General William Winder, a political appointee from Baltimore, who had previously been captured at the Battle of Stoney Creek, as its commander. Provided with little support from Armstrong, Winder spent the next month traveling in the district and assessing its defenses. The reinforcements from Britain took the form of a brigade of Napoleonic veterans, led by Major General Robert Ross, which entered the Chesapeake Bay on August 15. Joining with Cochrane and Cockburn, Ross discussed potential operations. This resulted in a decision to make a strike towards Washington, DC, though Ross had some reservations about the plan. Dispatching a decoy force up the Potomac to raid Alexandria, Cochrane advanced up the Patuxent River, trapping the gunboats of Commodore Joshua Barneys Chesapeake Bay Flotilla and forcing them further upstream. Pushing forward, Ross began landing his forces at Benedict, MD on August 19. The British Advance Though Barney considered trying to move his gunboats overland to the South River, Secretary of the Navy William Jones vetoed this plan over concerns that the British might capture them. Maintaining pressure on Barney, Cockburn forced the American commander to scuttle his flotilla on August 22 and retreat overland towards Washington. Marching north along the river, Ross reached Upper Marlboro the same day. In position to attack either Washington or Baltimore, he elected for the former. Though he most likely could have taken the capital unopposed on August 23, he elected to remain in Upper Marlboro to rest his command. Comprised of over 4,000 men, Ross possessed a mix of regulars, colonial marines, Royal Navy sailors, as well as three guns and Congreve rockets. The American Response Assessing his options, Ross elected to advance on Washington from the east as moving to the south would involve locating a crossing over the Potomacs Eastern Branch (Anacostia River). By moving from the east, the British would advance through Bladensburg where the river was narrower and a bridge existed. In Washington, the Madison Administration continued to struggle to meet the threat. Still not believing the capital would be a target, little had been done in terms of preparation or fortification. As the bulk of the US Armys regulars were occupied in the north, Winder was forced to largely rely on the recently called militia. Though he had desired to have part of the militia under arms since July, this had been blocked by Armstrong.  By August 20, Winders force consisted of around 2,000 men, including a small force of regulars, and was at Old Long Fields. Advancing on August 22, he skirmished with the British near Upper Marlboro before falling back. That same day, Brigadier General Tobias Stansbury arrived at Bladensburg with a force of Maryland militia. Assuming a strong position atop Lowndes Hill on the eastern bank, he abandoned the position that night and crossed the bridge without destroying it. The American Position Establishing a new position on the west bank, Stansburys artillery built a fortification which had limited fields of fire and could not adequately cover the bridge. Stansbury was soon joined by Brigadier General Walter Smith of the District of Columbia militia. The new arrival did not confer with Stansbury and formed his men in a second line nearly a mile behind the Marylanders where they could not offer immediate support. Joining Smiths line was Barney who deployed with his sailors and five guns. A group of Maryland militia, led by Colonel William Beall formed a third line to the rear. Fighting Begins On the morning of August 24, Winder met with President James Madison, Secretary of War John Armstrong, Secretary of State James Monroe, and other members of the Cabinet. When it became clear that Bladensburg was the British target, they moved to the scene. Riding ahead, Monroe arrived at Bladensburg, and though he had no authority to do so, tinkered with the American deployment weakening the overall position. Around noon, the British appeared in Bladensburg and approached the still-standing bridge. Attacking across the bridge, Colonel William Thorntons 85th Light Infantry was initially turned back. Overcoming American artillery and rifle fire, a subsequent assault was successful in gaining the west bank. This forced some of the first lines artillery to fall back, while elements of the 44th Regiment of Foot began enveloping the American left. Counterattacking with the 5th Maryland, Winder had some success before the militia in the line, under fire from the British Congreve rockets, broke and began fleeing. As Winder had not issued clear orders in case of a withdrawal, this quickly became a disorganized rout. With the line collapsing, Madison and his party departed the field. Americans Routed Pressing forward, the British soon came under fire from Smiths men as well as Barneys and Captain George Peters guns. The 85th attacked again and Thornton was badly wounded with the American line holding. As before, the 44th began moving around the American left and Winder ordered Smith to retreat. These orders failed to reach Barney and his sailors were overwhelmed in hand-to-hand fighting. Bealls men to the rear offered token resistance before joining the general retreat. As Winder had provided only confused directions in case of retreat, the bulk of the American militia simply melted away rather than rallying to further defend the capital. Aftermath Later dubbed the Bladensburg Races due to the nature of the defeat, the American rout left the road to Washington open for Ross and Cockburn. In the fighting, the British lost 64 killed and 185 wounded, while Winders army suffered only 10-26 killed, 40-51 wounded, and around 100 captured. Pausing in the intense summer heat, the British resumed their advance later in the day and occupied Washington that evening. Taking possession, they burned the Capitol, Presidents House, and Treasury Building before making camp. Further destruction ensued the next day before they began the march back to the fleet. Having inflicted a severe embarrassment on the Americans, the British next turned their attention to Baltimore. Long a nest of American privateers, the British were halted and Ross killed at the Battle of North Point before the fleet was turned back at the Battle of Fort McHenry on September 13-14. Elsewhere, Prevosts thrust south from Canada was halted by Commodore Thomas MacDonough and Brigadier General Alexander Macomb at the Battle of Plattsburgh on September 11 while a British effort against New Orleans was checked in early January. The latter was fought after peace terms had been agreed to at Ghent on December 24.

Langston Hughes and Religion Essay - 987 Words

Langston Hughes and Religion Langston Hughes in several poems denounced religion, inferring that religion did not exist any longer. In reading these poems, the reader canes that Hughes was expressing his feelings of betrayal and abandonment, against his race, by religion and the church. Hughes had a talent for writing poems that would start a discussion. From these discussions, Hugh es could only hope for realization from the public, of how religion and the church treated the Black race. Hughes wrote two poems that generated a lot of discussion about religion and African-Americans. One was â€Å"Drama for Winter Night (Fifth Avenue),† the other was â€Å"Goodbye Christ.† Once when Hughes was asked about†¦show more content†¦In the second poem, â€Å"Goodbye Christ,† Hughes shows more examples of the church betraying its mission to help and love all man. Hughes wrote: Called it Bible— B ut it’s dead now, The popes and the preachers’ve Made too much money from it. They’ve sold you to too many (5-9) Most people think religion should be spiritual, a belief in someone or something greater than the believer. Hughes believes the church has betrayed its mission by becomi ng a monetary institute. Even though Hughes is acknowledging the existence of religion he is also saying that the church had become too commercial and money oriented. This thought is exemplified in â€Å"Goodbye Christ† when Hughes writes, â€Å"Marx Communist Lenin Peasant Stalin Worker ME--â€Å" (22). Here Hughes is saying it’s time for religion to move out and let â€Å"ME† become the profiteer. When this poem was written most of the Black race was lower class and did not have a lot of money. James Emanuel describes how Hughes brought attention to the importance of religion in Black history when he writes, â€Å"Religion, because of its historical importance during and after slavery, is an undeniably useful theme. . . . [Hughes, a] writer whose special province for almost forty-five years was more recent Black experience, the theme is doubly vital† (Emanual 914). I agree with James Emanuel. Hughes couldShow MoreRelatedReligion and Race in Langston Hughes Salvation897 Words   |  4 PagesReligion and Race in Langston Hughes Salvation Langston Hughes is one the most renowned and respected authors of twentieth century America not simply one of the most respected African-American authors, though he is certainly this as well, but one of the most respected authors of the period overall. A large part of the respect and admiration that the man and his work have garnered is due to the richness an complexity of Hughes writing, both his poetry and his prose and even his non-fictionsRead MoreLangston Hughes and Countee Cullen: Perspective on Religion4176 Words   |  17 PagesAmerican Literature II Authors: Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen: Perspective on Religion Susan Glaspell and Charlotte Gilman: Roles of Women W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T Washington: Political View In the 1920s, the somewhat genteel world of American poetry was shaken to its foundations when the Harlem Renaissance started. During those times, all over the United States, thereRead More`` Salvation `` By Langston Hughes873 Words   |  4 Pagesis not a part of the visible world. â€Å"Salvation† by Langston Hughes is a prime example of how some children receive the unseen world, specifically a higher power. Hughes at a young age is forced by his aunt to go to her church for a revival. 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Hughes’Read MoreSimplistic Oratorical Reflection Of Let America Be America Again961 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes uses a simplistic oratorical tone when incorporating his thoughts on inequality in America to appeal to all audiences and inform the audience on his multiethnic dream of equality in economic and political justice in America. He used the power of his poems to express his philosophies of the current American social, political, and economic conditions that would often time be antagonized if it came from a common African American. 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Harlem was quickly becoming the Paris of America to African-Americans because they were free to be who they want to be and accepted by all those around. When Hughes moved backed to

Sustainability Report on Recyclable Waste Free Essays

Sustainability Report 1. Introduction This study base on human and environment, focal point on the trash and recycling in Auckland, speaking about the rubbish job formation, current state of affairs, job with apprehension and analysis severally, and above this, some thoughts and suggestions put frontward to sustainability operation. Through the analysis on current state of affairs and countermeasures of trash, in order to alarm people pay great attending to the scientific trash recycling. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability Report on Recyclable Waste or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Background With the rapid development of societal economic system in Auckland, great alterations have taken topographic point in society and the life of occupants, big sum of industrial and commercial merchandises rush into Auckland ingestion market, enter 1000s of families, during populating criterion has been improved at the same clip, waste besides increased twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, â€Å"Only in 2013 waste on norm about 800kg per individual of industrial, commercial and households waste is sent to landfill that is a sum of about 1.2 million dozenss per twelvemonth. Two tierces of this can be recycled or composted† —Auckland City council. ( 2013 ) Get your trash Sorted 2013 More than natural environmental self-purification ability, waste accretion and bit by bit evolved into a immense job into populating life, impact and harm occupants wellness. On the other manus the depletion of the Earth ‘s resources and natural resources run out, there will necessarily come a twenty-four hours when population outstrips available resources, hence sustainability go more and more of import for our beautiful metropolis. 3. Reclaimable waste Reclaimable waste including paper, metal, plastic, glass, through the recycling, it cut down the pollution, saves the resources. â€Å"For every ton of paper recycled can be made of paper for 850 kgs, salvaging 300 kgs forests, 74 % less pollution ; Recycling 1 dozenss of fictile bottle can acquire 0.7 dozenss stuffs, preserves about 7,200 kWh of electricity ; Each 1 dozenss of Fe and steel can be refined as steel 0.9 dozenss, compared with the original cost nest eggs of 47 % , Reduces air pollution by 75 % , cut down H2O pollution and solid waste 97 % .† —Cactuslab.Zerowaste New Zealand. ( 2014 ) 4. Situation in commercial rubbish recycle Now with rapid development of economic system in Auckland, commercial waste become a of import portion of rubbish recycling, it has particular facts of big sum volume and high recycle frequence and more focussed reclaimable resource. Merely one normal nutrient town in Auckland can direct 300 kilogram waste composition board stopping point to 1 ton of general waste to rubbish cod topographic point every twenty-four hours. However some unsustainable pattern go on in most of commercial rubbish recycle. In Auckland commercial topographic point like nutrient town, fast nutrient shop, warehouse and supermarket they merely collect waste composition board as reclaimable resource and immense figure of other reclaimable resource like paper cups, plastic bottles, glass bottles and Cola tins etc. are treat as general trash, they are compacted with kitchen waste and other waste all together sent to landfill, two tierces of this are reclaimable resource, which is a immense waste. 5. Cause of this pattern The ground of this unsustainable pattern happen is community affect. how community non supplying a right thought of commercial trash recycling, the ground may as below. 5.1. Cardboard is the major reclaimable waste in commercial topographic point. 5.2. Cardboard is easy to roll up and easy to recycle. 5.3. Other reclaimable waste is non every bit much as composition board and difficult to screen. 5.4. Peoples lack of sustainability consciousness. 5.5. Lack of ordinance and attending from metropolis council. 5.6. Community merely provide unlifelike recycle bin, no other bins for other reclaimable resource. Auckland metropolis council concentrating on composition board recycling alternatively of all reclaimable resource affects community pay less attending in commercial trash recycling, this error affects dozenss of reclaimable resource wasted every twenty-four hours. If Auckland metropolis council could beef up direction in this country, the community will be wholly different on recycling reclaimable resource. What authorities is making better on families rubbish recycling There is large difference between families and commercial trash recycle Government is making better in family than commercial rubbish recycle, metropolis council provide bluish bin for reclaimable waste and ruddy bin for general waste and roll up them every hebdomad and completed ordinance system on family rubbish recycle and they will non function you or capital punish if person is making incorrect on rubbish recycling. so people has higher sustainability consciousness, every individual individual is mobilized on sustainability, nevertheless in commercial rubbish recycle, people don’t truly care about it, they may believe it is merely a occupation no demand attention about it or they are excessively busy on working no clip to care about it or it merely says â€Å"put composition board in the bin† why should I blow my clip. These are perfectly incorrect thought, because of these incorrect ideas make godforsaken addition twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and dozenss of reclaimable resource wasted. 7. The development to do it more sustainable. 7.1. Laws and ordinances system Complete the Torahs and ordinances on the direction of commercial rubbish recycle system. From basic to state people that it may offence the jurisprudence by wrong rubbish dumped or recycle. 7.2. Economic penalty A sensible economic penalty strength addition will alarm people and besides increase the capital investing on rubbish recycle. 7.3. Waste recycling discriminatory policy To promote Auckland occupants, people get reward to take part in rubbish recycling, rubbish aggregation and disposal work. Realization the mobilisation of every individual individual in Auckland. 7.4. Establish a right rubbish recycle construct sufficiently accurate of promotion helps people understand no affair who you are, where you are, what you do, the right rubbish recycle thought should be along with you. 7.5. Waste minimization Get downing from the beginning of waste, avoid waste coevals, cut down the waste. The Waste Minimisation Act 2008 advocator a decreased waste generate and disposal in New Zealand and aims to cut down injury of waste to the environment. 7.6. the classified aggregation and recycling Detail rubbish categorization, detail the rubbish sorting bins, to roll up more utile reclaimable resource. â€Å"In Japan, every town has its ain series of hipster refuse bags for specific classs of rubbish. My town has four ; others have more: Kamikatsu, in Shikoku, has 44.† —by Eryk Salvaggio. ( 2013 ) This Nipponese Life 8. Decision Earth resource is drying up, waste sum is increasing, non merely affects the economical development of Auckland, but besides the whole universe. Reduce and command the waste on the environment pollution is a manner of sustainability that Auckland metropolis must travel. We must better the supervising and direction system, develop more advanced rubbish disposal engineering, walk on the route of sustainability, combine environmental protection and economical development in the coordination, with the government’s supervising and strong support and a positive response from Auckland occupants, environment quality can be improved. The relationship between homo and the environment is so close, environment pollution can non be ignored, the rubbish recycling should non be underestimated, waste is a misplaced resource, turn it into hoarded wealth, for our zero waste sustainable universe. 9. Mentions: Auckland City Council. ( 2013 ) Get your trash Sorted 2013. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/environmentwaste/rubbishrecycling/Documents/rubbishrecyclingguide2013.pdf Cactuslab. ( 2014 ) Zerowaste New Zealand. ( 2014 ) .Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.zerowaste.co.nz/what-is-waste/facts-figures/ Mfe. ( 2013 ) The New Zealand Waste Strategy. ( 2013 ) .Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/waste/waste-strategy/wastestrategy.pdf NZ.GOVT ( 2008 ) Waste Minimisation Act 2008.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2008/0089/latest/DLM999802.html Eryk Salvaggio. ( 2013 ) This Nipponese Life.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //thisjapaneselife.org/2010/08/27/on-sorting-garbage-in-japan- % E5 % B1 % 91 % E9 % 81 % B8 % E5 % 88 % A5/ How to cite Sustainability Report on Recyclable Waste, Essay examples

How does Shakespeare Present Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare Present Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a play written by William Shakespeare. The play is about tragic love. Love, in the play, is presented in many different forms such as unrequited love, filial love, forbidden love, platonic love, romantic love and sexual love. The most important type of love that Shakespeare presented was true love. At the end of the play, true love ended the war between the two families (the Capulets and the Montagues). The play also shows different attitudes towards love such as love is beautiful. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare presents unrequited love, Out of her honour, where I am in love Romeo has just been heart broken by Rosaline, a girl whom he loved but she did not love him. After this heartbreak, his being against love and says that its a choking gall, this is a metaphor. He says this because love hurts, he also uses oxymoron such as brawling love feather of lead, Romeo sees love as light and gentle but after he lost his love, he feels love is heavy, its too much to bear. He has been hit with cupids arrow, however, he says: Shell not be hit with Cupids arrow she lives unharmed so Rosaline will not be hit with cupids arrow, she will be unharmed, whereas Romeo is already harmed by cupids arrow. In Act 1 Scene 2, Paris is asking to marry Juliet. He says: But now, my lord, what say you to my suit? Capulet says that she is too young and still is a stranger in the world Paris then says: Younger than she are happy mothers made this shows that Paris is in a hurry to getting married, this could be because at that time people did not live long enough. However, Capulet then wants him to win her affection towards him, which shows that she can learn to love him; this is an attitude towards love. He also does not want to spoil her and that she is his only child: Too soon marred Earth hath all my hopes but she this quote could mean that he may had other children before Juliet but they all died Earth hath all my hopes. Capulet is not against arranged marriages but he is an overly protective father who loves his daughter. In Shakespearean times, people used to have arranged marriages and could marry at an early age. The audience in those days would not be surprised whereas nowadays we would. Lady Capulet goes and tells Juliet that she is going to get married to Paris and tries to persuade her to agree: Read oer the volume of young Paris faceso shall you share that he doth possess she tells Juliet that Paris is good looking and wealthy. She tells her that he is wealthy because in those days women cannot earn any living or possess anything until she is married. Even though she is persuading Juliet to marry, I think her attitudes towards love are the same as Juliets father; you can learn to love someone and that love is a duty. Juliet does not seem to care about marrying because she does not seem to even dream of this honour. Here the love is family love between Juliet and her parents. Parents have the responsibility for looking out for the best interest for their child, and do what is best for the child. The Capulet parents practically did the opposite; they chose Paris as Juliets future husband. Romeo finds love complicated and cruel because of his broken heart: Is love a tender thing? It is too roughit pricks like a thorn for him love hurts as if a thorn had just pricked him. On the other hand, Romeos friend Mercutio attitude towards love is different; he thinks that love can be cured by saying: If love be rough with you, be rough with loveand beat love down Mercutio is saying to fight back, he wants him to gain Rosalines love or someone elses, this quote also shows that he sees love as a battle. Romeo goes to a party held by the Capulets, he and his friends are all wearing masks, In those days it was not surprising for people to wear masks to parties because wearing masks to parties were more popular. In another play called Much Ado about Nothing Shakespeare did a whole scene wearing masks to a party. Romeo sees Juliet and asks a serving man whom the lady is that doth enrich the hand of the man she is with. This is a metaphor, which means that Juliet is like a jewel, so she is precious to him. After the serving man told Romeo he did not know her name, Romeo starts talking about how beautiful she is; Shakespeare uses metaphors to show this: She doth teach the torches to burn bright, he says, meaning both that her beauty is brighter than the blaze of any torch and that her presence makes the whole room light up. He says a few more things about how beautiful she is, Beauty too rich for use, for earth to dear, Burn bright and rich are used as metaphors. Bright and rich are powerful words with an image. Romeo says Juliet teaches the torches to burn bright because Juliet was so bright, like the sun, that she could teach these torches about burning brightly. This image shows Juliets brilliance, light, purity, and beauty. Her beauty is rich, but rich as in magnificent and precious. Romeo expresses his strong feelings of love for Juliet: Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. This shows that Romeo tries to inform Juliet of his love for her in the strongest way he can. He shows his love by saying that she is richer than anything is, she is worth more than the world and that she is heavenly. As a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear, this quote, is also by Romeo for his love to Juliet. He cannot tell Juliet or anyone how much he reveres her. Shakespeare uses powerful images of wealth to try to give the reader an idea of how much Romeo loves Juliet and is using imagery of light and dark. Romeo acts as if he has been hit by Cupids arrow again. Sonnet form was used when Romeo and Juliet speak to each other for the very first time. Sonnets are mainly used for love poems. When Romeo takes her hand and claims: If I profane with my unworthiest hand this holy shrine, the gentle pain is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo wants to kiss Juliet. He expresses words, which make his lips sound as if Juliet would receive a pleasant feeling if she were to grant him a kiss. Words like Profane, shrine, sin, pilgrims, devotion, saints, palm, palmers, faith, pray are expressions related to religion and faith. It is clear that Shakespeares audience needs to be shown that the love between Romeo and Juliet was not lustful or immature, even if it was sudden. This connection with religion also serves another purpose: religion celebrates death as well as love. Towards the end of this scene, Juliet tells the Nurse to find out Romeos name, and says to herself; If he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed, this irony helps to underline the sense of Juliets feelings. She is prepared to marry Romeo and no one else. The audience however, already knows that she will die. However, Romeos feelings are broken, when he finds out which family Juliet belongs to: Is she a Capulet? Romeo has news from the nurse that his love is part of the Capulet family; Shakespeare does this to increase the tension. The Lord of the Flies Play EssayTybalt dies. The Prince comes and decides to vanquish Romeo from Verona. In act 3 scene 2 Juliet appears, she knows that the Nurse is going to bring the cords, the rope ladder that Romeo will use that night. The balcony is the place for the rope ladder. She is waiting night to come. She says, Give me my Romeo; and, when I shall die, take him and cut him out in to little stars, and he will make the face of heaven so fine, that all the world will be in love with night, and pay no worship to the garish sun Juliet believes that when Romeo comes to her in the night he will be with her forever, even after her death, shining like stars in the night. Shakespeare also put in the quote religious love to show that she loves him so much and that it is pure. In the balcony scene, Romeo describes Juliet as the shining sun but in the quote above she is the sun but does not want any attention, she just wants the whole world to be in love with night. After this, Juliet begins to come down to earth a little. She complains that although she and Romeo now belong to one another, neither of them really has the other one: O, I have bought the mansion of love, but not possessed it, and though I am sold, not yet enjoyed. This happened because Romeo and Juliets love is forbidden. Then the Nurse appears, carrying the rope ladder. When Juliet sees the Nurse coming, carrying the rope ladder, she is sure that the Nurse has some news of Romeo. This makes Juliet happy, because every tongue that speaks, but Romeos name speaks heavenly eloquence, but in a minute her happiness will turn to sorrow. Eagerly, Juliet asks what news the Nurse has, the Nurse, who has seen Tybalts body and heard how he died, she is so disturbed by it all that she confuses Juliet. Eventually, she tells her everything: Tybalt is gone, and Romeo banished; Romeo that killd him, he is banished. At this, it seems that Juliets heart turns against Romeo. She exclaims, O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face! She is saying that Romeos face looks so innocent and beautiful (like a flower) but his heart is like a serpents heart, which means that it is evil, poisonous and dangerous just like a serpent. Juliet follows this metaphor with more, all of which express shock and amazement that Romeo could look so good from the outside but be so bad from the inside. However, this mood does not last long. When Juliet exclaims O that deceit should dwell In such a gorgeous palace, this quote is similar to one before, she is saying that Romeo is the gorgeous palace and that inside him is deceit. The Nurse replies that all men are like that, and says, Shame come to Romeo! Juliet cannot forget Romeo, she replies, Blisterd be thy tongue, for such a wish! He was not born to shame, upon his brow shame is ashamed to sit; for tis a throne for honour. Then she blames herself saying bad things about him, saying, O, what a beast was I to chide at him! This shows that Juliet cannot hate Romeo because she is married to him or she does truly love him even though he killed Tybalt. Later she says: Tybalt is dead, and Romeo-banished. Romeos banishment may seem shocking. She says the word banished is worse than the death of ten thousand Tybalts, this shows her love towards Romeo. At the beginning of the scene, Juliet was excited by the idea of Romeo coming to her in the night; now she is just angry by the idea that she will not see him again. After saying, the banishment of Romeo is worse than the death of her mother and father, because she loves him more than she loves her parents. She asks the Nurse where her mother and father are. The Nurse tells her they are mourning for Tybalt. Feeling sorry for Juliet, the Nurse knows where Romeo is hiding; in Friar Laurences cell, and tells Juliet to wait for him in her room. In Act 3 Scene 5 when Romeo is leaving Juliet, Juliet thinks that something bad is going to happen: Methinks I see thee, now thou art below, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Either my eyesight fails, or thou looks pale. He tries to reassure her that they will see each other; he tells her that she looks pale, too, and explains that Dry sorrow drinks our blood. In those days, it was thought that sorrow dried up the blood, and Romeo is saying they are both pale from the lack of blood caused by the sorrow of their parting because of their love. Lady Capulet tells Juliet that she is to marry Paris on Thursday, Juliet refuses and her father gets angry Lady Capulet thinks he has lost control of himself and asks if he has gone mad, her intervention gives Juliet a chance to fall to her knees and beg for a chance to say just one word, but her father is not going to listen. He denies the love for his daughter, so she is forced to marry. Juliet asks for help from the nurse but the nurse says that to marry Paris. Then she goes to Friar Laurence, then he tries to help her by making something like a poison but not a poison, if Juliet drinks it she will feel cold and change colour, her heart beat will slow done, then he will write a letter to Romeo to explain what is happening. In the final scene of the play, Romeo goes to the grave where Juliet was lying. He finds out that he can be happy that his Juliet is still beautiful. He says to her, Thou art not conquered; beautys ensign yet, is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks, and deaths pale flag is not advanced there. The colour in Juliets face shows the forces of beauty. Looking again at Juliet, Romeo asks why she is still so beautiful, and thinks that perhaps death is in love with her and the lean abhorred monster keeps, Thee here in dark to be his paramour. To prevent death from being Juliets lover, Romeo will join her. He promises her, I still will stay with thee; And never from this palace of dim night, Depart again. Then Romeo kisses Juliet and dies. Friar Laurence wakes up Juliet and she sees Romeo dead besides her, so she decides to stay. She sees a dagger next to Romeo and kills her self. Friar had to explain the full story to both the families. The love between the Nurse and Juliet is the same between Romeo and Juliet. The Nurse advises Juliet about her relations with Romeo. She was always happy for Juliet, and supported her relationship with the Montague openly. Romeo and Juliet is a play that has many themes. Love, has a major role in the play through Romeo and Juliet. I think Shakespeare really wanted his audience to believe that not all love stories end up as a happy ending; he maybe wanted them to see all the other types of love and attitudes towards love. In this play, they would have seen what true love is and maybe some of the audience may have changed their mind about arranged marriages. The side effects of forbidden love/true love is shown in this play such as Juliet being forced to marry Paris even when she said that she loves Romeo.

Fiscal Policies

About fiscal policies Fiscal policies are tools used by the state to stimulate the economy. The government can implement fiscal policies that can lead to growth or shrinkage of the economy. Contractionary fiscal policies are often instituted by the government when the amount of spending is greater than the amount of tax revenue earned by the government. In such instances, the government used fiscal policies to reduce the amount of public debt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fiscal Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the government uses expansionary fiscal policies to stimulate the level of economic activity in the country. Such measures are often taken by the government after periods of severe economic conditions such as the recession that occurred from 2009. Expansionary fiscal policies often create inflationary pressure in the economy (Mankiw 2011). Government spending and taxation are the main fiscal policy tools (Mankiw 2011). The state can stimulate the economy by increasing the amount of the spending allocation per annum. It results in the creation of job opportunities thus increasing consumer spending. Also, the government can reduce taxes. Increasing government spending is more effective than reduction of taxes. Besides, the effectiveness of fiscal policy is achieved when the economy is operating below full capacity of the economy. Fiscal policies in Australia The government of Australia came up with fiscal policies that comprised of reduction of taxes and increase in the amount of government spending to stimulate the economy after the recession. The government came up with a number of stimulus plans. For instance, the government came up with a stimulus plan that focused on implementing a number of fiscal policies. The goal of the stimulus plan was to enhance economic growth and job creation. The plan also focused on protecting the existing jobs so that mor e people do no lose their jobs and also create jobs. Job creation leads to an increase in the amount of disposal income and increase consumption expenditure. The government also increased spending on major investments such as infrastructure within the country. This initiative was put in place so as to replace lost jobs during the period of recession. Further, the government increased spending in learning institutions. The government improved infrastructure in higher learning institutions with an aim of promoting technology and research in the institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further, the government also supported communities and some of the industries that most affected by the recession. Finally, the government collaborated with financial institutions so as to make funds available to the citizens cheaply. The stimulus plan was implemented successfully in partner ship and cooperation of various agencies in Australia. The stimulus plan was temporary and was supposed to be implemented in phases (International Monetary Fund 2012). The implementation of the stimulus plan has been successful in Australia. The country is considered as one of the countries that successfully recovered from recession. The implementation of the stimulus plan has led to significant improvement in the economy. For instance, in the year 2012, the government of Australia reported a decline in the amount of the budget deficit. The value declined from $63.584 billion that was reported in the 2010 – 2011 fiscal year to $42.119 billion in the fiscal year that ended in March, 2012. The amount of a budget deficit that was reported in 2009 during the recession was $64.51 billion (International Monetary Fund 2012). Further, the amount of government revenue increased from $1,335.87 billion that was reported in the 2010 – 2011 fiscal year to $1,380.02 billion in the f iscal year that ended in March, 2012. This shows an increase in the level of economic activity in Australia. Further, the amount of government expenditure increased from $523.827 in 2011 to $542.038 in 2012. The inflation rate (measured by the consumer price index) increased from 178.45 in 2011 to 182.1 in 2012. This is an indication of an increase in the rate of inflation in the country. Expansionary fiscal policies in a country often create inflationary pressure. Despite creating more job opportunities, the unemployment rate continued to rise. The unemployment rate declined from 5.592% in 2009 to 5.225% in 2010. The value further declined to 5.083% in 2011. However, in 2012, the unemployment rate increased to 5.217%. The current account deficit increased from $33.522 billion in 2011 to $62.969 in 2012. It is an indication that the amount of import in the country exceeds the amount of exports. However, the economy grew by 3.304% short of the expected 6.2% that was expected in 2012 (International Monetary Fund 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fiscal Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This led to weak economic projections and the loss of confidence in the full recovery of the economy for the recent inflation. Expansionary fiscal policies often create inflationary pressure in the economy. The fiscal policies implemented will increase the aggregate demand in the economy. In the AD – AS model, the aggregate demand curve will shift outwards as presented in the graph below. The aggregate supply curve will not be affected. The impact on the AD – AS model is illustrated below. Expansionary fiscal policies shift the AD curve from AD1 to AD2. This results in an increase in price level from P1 to P2. The GDP also increases from GDP1 to GDP2. Apart from the expansionary fiscal policies, the Reserve Bank of Australia also instituted monetary policy to aid the economy recover y. The bank lowered interest rate from 4.8% in 2011 to 3.0% in 2011. The expansionary monetary policy is illustrated below. When interest rates are lowered (from 4.8% to 3.0%), there will be an increase in borrowing and a decline in investment. This causes an increase in the amount of money in circulation that is, from MS1 to MS2. This will result in an increase in the amount of economic activities in the country thus leading to GDP growth.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Arnold, R. 2008, Economics, Cengage learning, USA. International Monetary Fund, 2012, Data and statistics. Web. Mankiw, G. 2011, Principles of economics, Cengage Learning, USA. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2013, Monetary policy. Web. This essay on Fiscal Policies was written and submitted by user Julianne Kirk to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Executive Branch essays

The Executive Branch essays Powers and Limitations of the Executive Needless to say, the executive branch of our government is historically and presently a key role in our approach to an envisioned perfection of democracy. The executive has such a substantial effect in nearly every aspect of our political and economical situation because of the powers we the republic have chosen to delegate and entrust to this office. Because of its importance and power I felt impetus to write on this topic. The executive is a power in itself independent of the Congress but also in most cases restricted in power by that of Congress and the Supreme Court. The Constitution is specific on a few certain powers of the executive while being somewhat vague on other powers based more so on ones interpretations and also precedents that may have been set forth in previous terms. But we may want to read the 'fine print' because along with these executive powers there come limitations in order to prevent any sort of tyranny or dictatorship. Probably the most effective or compelling power given the executive would be the veto power in which case the president may veto a bill sending it back to its origin with reasoning. Some would say the veto power is a means of defense for him and his office from being reduced to a subject of the legislature, thus maintaining its independence. Of course, even the presidents most compelling power has limitation. Congress is able to override his veto with a two-thirds vote in both houses. Of the 2,550 vetoes signed by our past 42 presidents, 106 were overridden by Congress, a little over 1%. This is not a discouraging number when analyzing the power the executive possesses. As much as the president is himself a powerful figurehead of our country, those appointed directly below him as part of the executive branch have a considerable amount of influence and say in the presidents decision making. For this very reason, the ...

A Current Crime Prevention Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Current Crime Prevention Program - Essay Example A simple question that can be asked by a layman is why does crime exist? A set of individuals or a certain group of people can answer it very briefly, saying that it exists because criminals commit crimes. But on the other hand another group of individuals can relate it to the law and order of the government. They might have an opinion that because there is a law of everything and as a responsible citizen of the country, a person is bound to abide with that law, so people who de-track from the right path, intentionally or un intentionally commit crimes and become criminals in order to challenge the rules and regulations of their country. The word crime has become a daily part of our lives with every person experiencing it in one way or the other. Every country, every state, every town and every street has become a target for the crime seekers. In order to prevent, overcome or minimize this calamity from our society, the people have to be alert and the local authorities have to be on their toes. (James Q Wilson 1983). Lately Crime prevention programs have been set up by many authorities with collaboration with the local residents. One thing is very clear, that the government or the law enforcing agencies cannot work alone to minimize the effects of crime or criminals in a certain area. They need the help, cooperation and association of the locals. As they are also part of the community so their input and advice matters a lot to the authorities. DISCUSSION Crime has had hold of every part of this world and has spread like an infection across the globe .With street crimes on high, productive preventive measures have to be taken to safeguard the lives of the people. For this purpose many Crime Prevention Units work hard to reduce crime and improve the surrounding areas of the society to be friendly and safe for living. (National Advisory Committee). Their major aim is to improve the quality of living with the help of the local residents of that area by preventing s treet crimes like theft, robbery, bullying, child abuse, burglary, kidnapping, shop lifting and many more. In order to maximize the input and minimize the occurrence of a particular crime the Crime Prevention Units must seek help from the residents, shop owners, famous personalities and make them their co-partners in the prevention of this unethical activity. By doing this, with their collaborators in street it will be much easier to govern the area as they can inform the required department about any crime almost immediately or at the time it is taking place. In this way it’s easy and helpful to safeguard even if the area has a vast expansion. The Crime Prevention specialists, working as their members would deliver and support ever-evolving prevention and safety programs, and maintain close partnerships with organizations and community members. Specialists would work out their strategies that will range from personal safety of a human being to self defense techniques. They w ill try their best to stay aware with the latest residential security practices, and hence process the trends in case of any crime taking place. In this way it will also help them to stay alert of any future un-happenings. ANALYSIS Without the introduction of the Crime Prevention Systems to reduce the street crimes, it would be extremely difficult for the law enforcing authorities to bring the rate of crime under control, plus without the local residents taking part as volunteers in this program the authority may come to a halt in resolving these criminal acts as Businesses and business men would get affected, shopping malls, banks, petrol stations,

Business & International Trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business & International Trade - Assignment Example The two main parts of the current account are the balances of visible and invisible trade (goods and services) and both of these are affected by the exchange rate of a country against others. The basic types of exchange rates are floating exchange rate, where the market dictates movements in the exchange rate; pegged float, where a central bank keeps the rate from deviating too far from a target band or value; fixed exchange rate, which ties the currency to another currency, mostly more widespread currencies such as the U.S. dollar or the euro or a basket of currencies. If the economy of UK has a large and persistent deficit on its balance of payments, then serious economic problems could result, such as: †¢ A fall or depreciation in the value of ?‘s exchange rate (Campbell, 2007, p.110-114) †¢ A decline in the country’s reserves of foreign currency †¢ An unwillingness of foreign investors to put money into the economy. The business importance of these pro blems is likely to be most serious if: †¢ The exchange rate depreciation (or frequent fluctuations in the exchange rate) make importing and exporting too risky (Bean, 2002, p.276) — see section below on exchange rates †¢ The government takes corrective actions by, for example, limiting foreign exchange transactions and putting substantial controls on imports, such as tariffs and quotas (Dale & Haldane, 2005, p.1611-26). This policy (protectionist policy), used currently by Zimbabwe, might have short-term benefits by reducing imports of competitors’ products. However, serious consequences could also result. The policy could lead to retaliation by other countries that will then reduce export demand. Also, import controls are serious for firms that depend on imported supplies of raw materials. Question: How would an increase in the value of the ? against the $ and/or the â‚ ¬ affect the price of UK exports and imports into the UK? (2.1a) Answer: When demand f or a currency exceeds supply, its value will rise. This is called an appreciation because one unit of the currency will buy more units of other currencies. Exchange rate depreciation, on the other hand, is a fall in the external value of a currency as measured by its exchange rate against other currencies. If ?1 increases in value from â‚ ¬2 to â‚ ¬1.5, the value of the ? has appreciated (Fisher et al, 2007, p.19). The domestic firms that would gain from an appreciation of the country’s currency are: †¢ Importers and exporters in the UK of foreign raw materials and components, for whom the domestic currency cost, of these imports will be falling — this increases their competitiveness. †¢ Importers and exporters in the UK of foreign manufactured goods, who are’ able to import the product more cheaply in terms of domestic currency —in 2008, it was claimed that European importers of US-produced cars were profiteering at the expense of consume rs(Britton & Whitley, 2007,p. 152-62). This was because, although the import price of cars was falling due, to the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar, they were not selling them more cheaply to European consumers. Hence, they were taking advantage of the appreciation to make much higher profits (Calvo, 2003, p.383-98). †¢ Lower import prices will help to reduce the rate of inflation for the whole economy and all firms are likely to gain from this more stable position. The domestic fir

Bits of Mystery DNA Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bits of Mystery DNA - Article Example (Kolata) What is also critical to understand that this article has actually focused on the findings which were earlier termed as junk? Scientists have discarded these findings and apparently reduce their role in offering any new insights. However, different research findings indicated in this article has put the onus back on scientists to actually re-evaluate their own opinions and embark on new research. The article has also discussed the 3 dimensional structure of DNA and how this new discovery can actually pose new challenges for scientists to properly encode and decode those DNAs to achieve the health related benefits. This paper will discuss the new research which has been discussed in this article and will specifically focus on discussing dark matter as well as the 3-D structure of DNA. Besides, this paper will also discuss the impact this new research on DNA might have on overall health related outcomes. Biological dark matter actually hints at the fourth domain of the life i.e. bacetria, archea and eukaryotes the other three. It has been now accepted throughout the academic field that most of the genetic material in different parts of the body is the dark matter with relatively no explanation of what it actually is. Historically DNA Dark Matter has been termed as junk DNA because it was not coded for protein and researchers typically knew little about this dark matter. This junk or dark matter resides in millions of switches that is possessed by the smaller bits of DNA. However, new research clearly now indicates that these smaller switches or the dark matter as it is called can play decisive role in determining how different organs and tissues work and how two persons with identical genetic make-up can catch different diseases. DNA is a double Helix and unwinding of the same would actually result into two different strands and both of them are parallel in

Claude Monets Impressionism Artwork

Claude Monets Impressionism Artwork Claude Monet was born on November 14, 1840 in Paris France and was son to Claude Adolphe Monet and Louise-Justine Aubree. Monet, even from a very young age, had always loved to study and practice art and even attended Le Havre, school for the arts at the ripe age of 11. Monet continued to study art for much of his life and even developed his own style of art that was coined Impressionism (Claude Monet Biography). Impressionism is a movement in French painting, sometimes called optical realism because of its almost scientific interest in the actual visual experience and effect of light and movement on appearance of objects (Impressionism). Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles (Art Periods: Impressionism in France). Monet painted a series of Impressionist series of approximately 250 paintings called Water Lilies. 250 The paintings depict Monets flower garden at Giverny and were the main focus of Monets artistic production during the last thirty years of his life (Water Lilies). As part of his extensive gardening plans at Giverny, Monet had a pond dug and planted with lilies in 1893. He painted the subject in 1899, and thereafter it dominated his art. He worked continuously for more than twenty years on a large-scale decorative series, attempting to capture every observation, impression, and reflection of the flowers and water. By the mid-1910s Monet had achieved a completely new, fluid, and somewhat audacious style of painting in which the water-lily pond became the point of departure for an almost abstract art. This work, which he began in the late teens and kept in his studio until his death, is one of the most complete pictures of the late series (Claude Monet). One of the 250 Water Lilies paintings, completed in 1907 is currently on display in the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. The painting is oil on canvas and 38 1/8 x 38  ¾. The form of the painting is 2-dimensional. The painting shows water lilies in what appears to be a pond. There are more water lilies in the distance than â€Å"in the front†. The water and the water lilies are not painted in a â€Å"traditional† way. If looking closely, one can see that they are painted will unsmooth and spotted paint strokes and a vast variety of colors. The water surrounding the water lilies highlights them by adding areas of light as well depth where needed. The space of the Water Lilies is key to its beauty. Monet uses a proper proportional scale to indicate distance from the viewer. The lilies are not crowded and appear â€Å"comfortable† in their environment. Each group of lilies had its own space. Though the groups of lilies get close to one another in the distance, there is no obvious overlapping. When it comes to the composition of the painting, Monet leads the viewer though the entire painting with every brush stroke. The â€Å"front† of the painting is bright and full of light and catches the eye first. The light in the center of the painting leads the viewers eyes up to view the large clusters of lilies. The color in Water Lilies makes the painting the gorgeous work of art that it is. The various colors allows for the depth and the reflection of light. The water in the painting varies in color from very pale lavender, to dark and mossy browns and greens. Lavender, brown, and green are probably not the first colors a viewer would think of when imagining a pond or stream but it works perfectly in Water Lilies. There is also a wide variety of color used in the lilies. When looking up close, the â€Å"green† part of the lilies are actually composed of every shade of green imaginable, yellows, blues, browns, and even pinks. The flowers on the lilies, which appear just pink from a distance, are made with red, pink, white, brown, and grey. From the painting, it is clear that Monet was fascinated, and spent a lot of time concentrating on the light of a painting. There is so much depth and highlighting in the painting that many onlookers find it breathtaking. The lightest part of the painting is right in the center. There are no lilies in that area, so there is no need for shadowing which is why it appears to be illuminated. In the distance of the painting, it is much darker and there are also a lot more lilies. The front of the painting is purple and blue. It almost appears as though it is the sky reflecting onto the water. The texture of this painting is what makes Monet, Monet. When looking up close at the painting, it is hard to believe that the textured, rough and quick brush strokes create such a clear looking and well composed painting from far away. If a viewer only had the opportunity to view the painting up close, it would be reasonable to believe that they would think the painting was a mess and wouldnt create a clear image. There are so many layers in Water Lilies. When looking up close, it is strange to see shades of brown layered on top of purple and it appears as though it would never look fluid, but Monet mastered it to do so. Monet was the master of Impressionism and his series of 250 Water Lilies paintings showcased his talent in the category perfectly. His works are displayed all around the world, even right here in the Boston area. Monet will forever go down in history as the first, and perhaps the greatest Impressionist artist of all time. References Art Periods: IMPRESSIONISM in France. Discover France French Arts, Culture, Tourism. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Claude Monet (18401926) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Claude MONET Biography. Giverny Vernon : In the Heart of Impressionism. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Impressionism Impressionism Art. Oil Paintings Reproduction Canvas Oil Painting Reproductions For Sale. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Water Lilies | Claude Monet | All | European Paintings | Collection Database | Works of Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. .

Analysis of The Maltese Falcon Essay example -- Movie Film Maltese Fal

Analysis of The Maltese Falcon The Maltese Falcon, was not only a detective film, but a film that displayed many different aspects of the female and the male character in the movie. The film was more than a story, but a story that explored the ideas of the detective genre and the different characteristics of femininity and masculinity. It also brought forth subjects of sexual desires and the greediness of money. The characters and the visual motifs in the film contributed to the developing of the plot and assisted in creating a more detective and gender oriented film. In the film, The Maltese Falcon, the role of men and women are portrayed in different ways in the film to show the distinct functions of masculinity and femininity between the characters. Sam said to Effie, ?Your a nice rattle brain angel.? Sam Spade?s assistant, Effie is a conservative and a practical woman. As the detective?s assistant, she possesses more of masculine qualities than feminine qualities. Since she works in an environment around men, she has a tendency to be more influenced by their activities and their ideas. Sam said to Effie, ?Your a detective darling.? Her voice seems to be monotone which shows her as a strong and an independent person. Although she may act this way, she is still a woman who is somewhat ladylike and very polite. In some ways, women are used to bring forth the ideas of sex and lust, but in this case, Effie?s role was necessary in helping the story to develop and to present how the role of woman could be played and perceived. Sam said to Effie, ?Your a good man, sister.? Effie possessed many masculine qualities and this quote helped to reinforce the idea of it all. Another female role that was a part of the film was Iva, who was the wife of Miles. She was very lady-like and beautiful which helped her to use her image and personality in a way to receive certain things. Miles was Sam Spade?s partner in the detective business. Her character as a woman is somewhat different from Effie?s. Iva and Sam Spade once had a history together even though she was married to Miles. Iva said to Sam, ?You killed my husband, Sam, be kind to me.? She sets up a different role for woman because of her actions and of the characteristics that she possesses. In a way, she thinks that Sam Spade is in love with her and for that reason, she thought that he had killed her hus... ...ch character. Although Effie took on a female role, she possessed many masculine characteristics which allowed it possible for her to get along with the men in the film. The other women in the film took on the classic role of the female characters as helpless, seductive, or conniving. The male characters took on the customary roles as the ones who were strict and cautious, while others sought only for lust and money. Some of the male characters were able to control their feelings and did not allow their emotions to come in the way of their moral decisions while some couldn?t restrain themselves from the lustful feelings they had inside. Sam said to Brigid, ?If they hang you, I will always remember you...you never played square with me for the half hour to the stretch that I?ve known you.? Even though Sam had feelings for Brigid, he was still going to turn her in for the murder she had committed. He was not going to allow his desires for her come between his morals and his profess ion. Through this many things were accomplished such as portraying the genre of detectives, the genre of female and male figures, and the roles that the characters which led up to the ending of the story.

Petition of Slaves

Petition of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature On January 13, 1777 seven African-American men in Massachusetts came together to go to the courts and their goal was to gain freedom. These men were slaves and in order for them to be set free they had the choice of running away, with the possibility of getting caught, or gathering a petition to take to the Massachusetts court. Just because these men had a petition does not mean that it would be passed. The Massachusetts colonial government had no say in making slaves free or not.Back in the day slaves were seen as people that were not book smart because they lacked education and that meant they could not read or write but they knew their rights. The slaves were much underestimated but they turned to the Constitution to prove their rights. The African-American slaves knew their rights and they fought against the Massachusetts colonial government because under the Constitution their rights were taken away from them when they had ever y right to be free. Quok Walker was an African-American slave who was a part of the Massachusetts petition attempt in 1777.A couple of years later, in 1781, Walker sued the Massachusetts government because of a phrase that the Massachusetts Constitution contained. As the great Thomas Jefferson stated in 1776 in the Constitution, â€Å"All men are created equal. † Walker shared this phrase with the state of Massachusetts and because of Walker, he was one of the first people that helped Massachusetts. Massachusetts was the first state to abolish slavery. Every person in this country has rights and if those rights are ever denied then that person has the right to fight for their rights.Walker did not only fight for his rights but he fought for every slave in the state of Massachusetts. Walker then gave other states the strength and courage to do what he did and he helped them stand up for what they believed in. Walker was not the only one who stood up to the government. A woman by the name of Mumbet went against her slave owner in court. Whoever said slaves were not smart were very wrong. For people with no education they were very clever people. Elizabeth Freeman, also known as Mumbet, was also an African-American slave with Walker.She went to an attorney to try to fight for her freedom. The attorney helped her and the case was opened. She was fighting for her freedom and this case, Brom & Bett v. John Ashley, Esq. , is now one of the most important and famous cases in the state of Massachusetts. John Ashley fought and fought to try and win this case but eventually gave up and dropped out of the case. It eventually became obvious to John Ashley that under the constitution it was not legal to hold a person into slavery. It was all for the great Constitution that the United States of America has.Maybe slaves were not the best spellers because of the lack of education but they still got their point across. â€Å"†¦Naturel Right of all men—and th eir Children who wher Born in this Land of Liberty may not be heald as Slaves after they arrive at the age of twenty one years so may the Inhabitance of this Stats No longer chargeable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boston, 1877). This is an excerpt from the petition that was written in 1877 for the Massachusetts Legislature. This is from the original petition but the current petition has been altered.They were very smart people who helped start the end of slavery. The petition of slaves was written in 1777. The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776. Only a year apart and they share a similar phrase, â€Å"Laws of Nature. † â€Å"From A popolous Pleasant and plentiful contry and in violation of Laws of Nature and off Nations and in defiance of all the tender feelings of humanity Brough hear Either to Be sold Like Beast of Burthen & Like them Condemnd to Slavery for Life—†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boston, 1877). This is an excerpt from the petition of Massachusetts. When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the  Laws of Nature  and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † This is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence. They both share the same insights in what they see as equality and freedom.A line that stood out in the Declaration of Independence that relates to the Petition is, â€Å"†¦Right of the People to alter or to abolish it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This part of the Declaration is talking about the government and how they have power but it is up to the people to truly decide if they feel that certain laws are equal for everyone. It is under the constitution that people have rights even if the government is above them. The Petition seemed to be very successful. Quok Walker and Elizabeth Freeman are the two people who started the movement to end slavery.After the petition and the court hearing, slaves were now free in the state of Massachusetts. It was said that slavery was not completely gone but did end at the end of the eighteenth century. Freeman became a paid servant and a book was later written about her. It is great that some people were not afraid to stand up for their rights and fight for what they believe in. These slaves from the eighteenth century started a movement that then passed on to other states. They gave the idea to other slaves to also stand up for themselves. To be a slave was not legal under the constitution.Slavery first ended in Massachusetts but it took many more years to be abolished in this country. All it took was two people to stand up and it led to a movement that will now be forever known. Outline I. Introduction A. Petition of Slaves B. African Americans fight for their rights C. Thesis:  The African American slaves knew their rights and they fought against the Massachusetts colonial government because their rights were taken away from them when they had every right to be free. II. Elizabeth Freeman III. Petition requests A. Explanation of the petition requests B. Men gather togetherC. Slaves argue against the Massachusetts government IV. Start to the end of slavery A. Primary justification for freedom B. Independence for African- Americans C. Quok Walker V. Declaration of Independence VI. Conclusion A. Restatement of thesis B. Petition success C. Freedom is gained Works Cited Archives. com. The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. The Charters of Freedom. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 5th Series, III (Boston, 1877), pp. 436–37. Masshist. org. African Americans and the End of Slavery in Massachusetts. Web. 17 Oct. 2012.

The Craigs Case Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

The Craig's Case Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers The Craig's Case While reading this case I couldnt believe how similar Craigs problem was to my own from couple years ago. I tried to recall all the facts from my own experience and compare them to Craigs. Even though I never had a steady job and I worked only couple of summers, I am pretty sure that many people had experience like this at one point in their careers. Every person in the world is different, and I believe that each person would behave differently in this case. To be fair maybe the outcome would be the same in some instances, but the decision process would be unique to every individual. This is where ethics come into the play, according to this term everyone should act the same in any given situation. Craig is facing very serious decision, just like in Shakespeares Hamlet to be or not to be? He is to choose between his physical well being and his conscience. According to Hobbes, in humans nature is to be egoist, and one should always look out for ones best interest, in this case keep the job and graduate from college. On the other side there are many stakeholders depending on the decision he will make, and according to the definition of ethics, it is not about me, it is about others. Clearly, consistently with the definition Craig is not facing a dilemma but a definite choice to speak out for himself and the customers that are depending on his decision. Craig must not sign the evaluation sheet and must do the only right and ethical thing. He must take this issue to the top management and complain about the wrongfulness of the previous actions of his superiors. If he is threatened with his tuition reimbursement and even if his job is on the line, he must proceed with his intentions and go to the authorities that are responsible for such cases. Craigs duties and obligations in this case are numerous. According to the text, there are seven basic duties for good and bad conduct. One must keep explicit and implicit promises, where Craig must keep promises given to himself, company, and his customers. For example he must keep the implicit promise given to the customers where he is to do what is in his power to protect their best interest. One must make sure that the goods are distributed justly, where in this case only a half dozen out of hundreds have been acted upon. One must not harm others, where Craig by not acting immediately is harming some policyholders who can not afford other means of care or whatever the policy stated in the first place. (Trunfio, 28-29) There are many moral common sense principles that are addressed and violated in this case. The most obvious one would be lawfulness, where is stated that the laws must be obeyed, and clearly in this instance it is not so. Also, Human worth principle is violated, where his manager is evidently harming Craig. (Trunfio, 24) Craigs manager Nancy, deliberately or not, is not respecting him as a human being and is pushing him to do what he is told, not what is right and legal. My opinion is that Craigs boss Nancy knows the situation, and is deliberately transferring the responsibility on Craigs shoulders. These are only couple of moral principles being addressed in this case. The fact that the actions of this firm are not legal is probably enough for Craig to report this case to the authorities. If he doesnt act immediately many clients of the firm will be damaged. Furthermore this could lead to a lawsuit which could damage the wellbeing of many employees of the firm as well as their agents all over the United States. If he ignores the issue, and I must add that this is not just a minor flaw or mistake but illegal act that will eventually be discovered by the authorities, the results would be the same, he would loose his scholarship and his job and he would possibly be held legally accountable for not acting upon these matters. This fact should be an eye opener for Craig, in sense that if he

A Definition of Meristematic Tissue in Plant Biology

A Definition of Meristematic Tissue in Plant Biology In plant biology, the term meristematic tissue refers to the living tissues containing undifferentiated cells that are the building blocks of all specialized plant structures. The zone where these cells exist is known as the meristem. This zone contains the cells that actively divide and create specialized structures such as the cambium layer, the buds of leaves and flowers, and the tips of roots and shoots. In essence, the cells within the meristematic tissues are what allow a plant to increase its length and girth.   Meaning of the Term The term  meristem  was coined in  1858 by  Karl Wilhelm von Ngeli  (1817 to 1891) in a book called Contributions to Scientific Botany. The term is adapted from the Greek word  merizein, meaning to divide, a reference to the function of the cells in the meristematic tissue. Characteristics of Meristematic Plant Tissue The cells within the meristem have some unique characteristics: Cells within the meristematic tissues are self-renewing, so that each time they divide, one cell remains identical to the parent while the other can specialize and become part of another plant structure. The meristematic tissue is therefore self-sustaining.  While other plant tissues can be made of both living and dead cells, the meristematic cells are all living and contain a large ratio of dense liquid.When a plant is injured, it is the undifferentiated meristematic cells that are responsible for healing the wounds through the process of becoming specialized.   Types of Meristematic Tissue There are three types of meristematic tissues, categorized according to where they appear in the plant:  apical  (at the tips),  intercalary  (at the middle), and  lateral  (at the sides). The apical meristematic tissues are also known as primary meristematic tissues, because these are what form the main body of the plant, allowing for vertical growth of stems, shoots, and roots.  The primary meristem is what sends a plants shoots reaching for the sky and the roots burrowing into the soil.   Lateral meristems are known as secondary meristematic tissues because they are what is responsible for an increase in girth. The secondary meristematic tissue is what increases the diameter of tree trunks and branches, as well as the tissue that forms bark.   Intercalary meristems occur only in plants that are monocots, a group that includes the grasses and bamboos. Intercalary tissues located at the nodes of these plants allow the stems to regrow. It is intercalary tissue that causes grass leaves to grow back so quickly after being mowed or grazed.  Ã‚   Meristematic Tissue and Galls Galls are abnormal growths occurring on the leaves, twigs, or branches of trees and other plants. They usually occur when any one of about 1500 species of insects and mites interact with meristematic tissues.   Gall-making insects oviposit (lay their eggs) or  feed on the meristematic tissues of  host plants at critical moments.  A gall-making wasp, for example, may lay eggs in plant tissues just as leaves are opening or shoots are lengthening. By interacting with the plants meristematic tissue, the insect takes advantage of a period of active cell division to initiate the formation of a gall. The walls of the gall structure are very strong, providing protection for the larvae feeding on plant tissues within. Galls can also be caused by bacteria or viruses infecting the meristematic tissues.  Galls may be unsightly, even disfiguring, on stems and leaves of plants, but they rarely kill the plant.

The Microsoft Case Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Microsoft Case - Article Example Microsoft is trying to become a cut above the other. Its ability to create various ranges of product offerings strengthens its potential to cover the world market. For many years, Microsoft is said to be well known for its anti-competitive and predatory practices. This is the reason why it has remarkably investigated for antitrust behavior. Microsoft defended that it has definitely done what the other competitors would do in its place. Each key player is trying to be a cut above the other and wanting to take control of the market. The bottom line is money. This is how Microsoft and its competitors are motivated to stay in the competition and even want to be on top of the rest. Gaining monopoly.I personally agree that Microsoft is trying to gain monopoly in the computer software industry because of the remarkable market area it has to cover. It is in this reason that imperfect competition is most likely to exist. The other proof is the ongoing investigation it has to face due to its a lleged antitrust behavior. One specific case is the Microsoft’s ability to offer products or services at remarkably lower price compared to its competitors. As a result, more consumers would try its service or product offerings. This can be illustrated by the demand curve. Downward sloping demand curve simply states the nature of human behavior and which simply showcases the principle that as the price decreases, the consumers are assumed to buy or acquire more. Microsoft at the same time holds the economies of scale which is one of its utmost competitive advantages. In the economies of scale more production would mean lower cost per unit of produced product. The marginal cost and marginal revenue are maximized for the advantage of the firm. Thus, this means efficiency of production and at some point Microsoft may be able to pursue or maximize its bundling strategy for its maximum advantage. As a result and under monopoly pricing, prices are controlled by the firm and the con sumers have no strong market power. The people are not the price maker in this case, but the firm instead. However, Microsoft can hardly obtain pure monopolistic power for as long as there is a continuing presence of the Silicon Valley giants such as Sun Microsystems, Intel, Apple Compute and others. Ideally, in a monopoly market structure, there is only a single seller; there is presence of unique product; and impossible entry into the market (Tucker, 2010). Thus, a pure monopoly’s characteristics include single seller, no close substitutes, price maker and there are barriers to entry and exit (Vallabhaneni, 2009). However, what is present today is showing us the fact that Microsoft can har

Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security Essay - 2

Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security - Essay Example In today's era internet is used as a promotional tool by many global and international organizations. Organizations make use of internet to capture market in today's competitive environment. The Internet is useful for attracting customers by providing them a great variety of services and relevant information about the products or services. There are specific digital internet sources mostly used for the purpose including official websites, social networking sites, blogs, etc (Silverstein, 2001). Marketing, customer dealing, promotion, and other operational management procedures have become much easier within past few years due to remarkable advent and advancements of internet technology. With the advancements of internet, communication modes have become very fast, diverse, and smart (Silverstein, 2001). The World Wide Web has brought tremendous change in the way businesses are run in multinational corporations. For successful business progress, advertising and marketing are two most important tools and with the revolutionized modern technology internet has become exceedingly popular among businesses of all sizes. Mainly because internet has pull out all businesses from tissue-thin, pages of directory for contact details and advices from friends and family members for establishing businesses (Silverstein, 2001). Now business professionals have an opportunity to learn business and marketing techniques from e-sources.

Discourse Reflection 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discourse Reflection 1 - Essay Example The reason for this goes beyond the linguistic consideration, also documented by Subbiondo (2005), to consideration of how a student’s cultural and educational backgrounds cause passivity among international students in class. Therefore, the article evaluates the perceptions of silence and reticence among NNS students in group discussions and recommending pedagogical solutions. Jones (1999) acknowledges that Asians constitute the majority of international students in Australasia and the US. As such, the researcher carries out a literature survey from various secondary sources to determine the perception of Asians on silence and reticence in group discussions in class. The findings indicate that teachers in the surveyed institutions consider Asian students as polite and inactive in class and hence find it better dealing with European, American and Australian students. It was also observed that majority of the teachers have little knowledge on non-Western culture which deters communication between Asian students and teachers. On their part, the students were found not to be keen to learn the host culture despite its great influence in defining the academic system. The students from southeast and northeast Asia in the US, New Zealand and Australia consider reticence and silence as crucial for one’s moral disposition and for maintenance of harmony of so cial order. I support this observation because even scholars like Paltridge (2006) document that face and politeness vary among cultures and societies. Therefore, the study recommends the need to provide the NNS students with an understanding of the culture of academic English speaking and equip them with the requisite participatory skills. EFL teachers have to be sensitive in class and attend training for cross-cultural awareness. According to Shemshadsara (2012),

Our Experience as Teachers of ILEC Essay Example for Free

Our Experience as Teachers of ILEC Essay We are Mauricio Munoz (a teacher) and Adela Perez del Viso (a lawyer and trainee teacher), the two Legal English teachers at the Colegio de Abogados de San Luis, the San Luis (Argentina) Bar Association. My idea of teaching Legal English started in 1998 when I took a course at an Academy (located on Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, U. K. ). My teacher was, by then, Mr. Brian Catlow. The organizers made us visit different courtrooms in Cambridge and in London. It was fascinating. Afterwards, I got to know about the ILEC exam, which was a huge academic improvement: now we had a purpose for these studies, a method, a set of contents, a book (and now more than a book), etc. I sat for the Ilec exam in 2009, after two complete years of hard study. Now we organize these courses at the Bar Association, and we know that only some students will come and stay: those who have a very good command of the language, and at the same time those who are keen on the legal field. During this year we organized two â€Å"modules†: the first one, based on General Principles and Contracts. with all the units related to Contracts); the second module, devoted to Company Law (3 units) plus Labour/Employment Law. The decision to divide the whole course in 3 or 4 modules have allowed us to set some goals which seem to be not so far in time; at the same time, it allows other students (who have not started with the original group) to join us, for instance, at the 2nd module. We organize every class with the material presented by the Ilec book, along with videos taken from the internet, movies, trailers (in this sense, John Grisham? books, movies and trailers are quite good), some University classes that can be retrieved from the internet (for instance, some classes from American universities, related to Contracts), etc. Only when time presses, we work on the ILEC book alone, which is quite complete. Next year we are planning to acquire the new edition of the ILEC/ TRANSLEGAL/ C. U. P. book, with the hope that it will present new material to practice with our students. One thing that is quite important, as always when training for any international exam, is to teach strategies to cope with the requirements of the different papers. We explain every one of the papers, and rehearse them with the students, so as they do not feel out of place whenever they sit for the final exam, in the future. Our students are quite committed, even though most of them are lawyers and have a lot of work to do. One of our students comes every time from a place located 140 km from our centre. They have felt quite encouraged with the contents of the course, and some of them are dreaming to travel abroad, or perhaps to get any kind of scholarship and study a course in an English-speaking country. The only thing that our students sometimes ask us is to provide some information as regards criminal law. We sometimes take some elements from the other book related to Legal English, called Introduction to International legal E. and from â€Å"Profesional English in Use†. But we explain to them that these contents are not required for the ILEC exam so far. We think that the ILEC course, and the ILEC exam have really fulfilled the aim of setting an outstanding goal to Legal English students; establishing a future goal to those who like to study English hard, and to combine the experience with their own legal expertise.

Reasons For Prison Population Increase

Reasons For Prison Population Increase Prisons all over the world are experiencing an increase in population each day. This can be blamed on the increasing rate of crime especially non violent crimes. The recent advancement in technology has led to increased crimes especially since criminals do not need to leave their houses to commit a crime. The internet has become a widely used utility for cyber crimes that just require an internet connection, as well as hacking skills. Such criminals are encouraged to commit such crimes by the fact that they do not need to hurt anybody, or murder anybody to steal. Drug offenders comprise of the biggest percent of the prison population especially in the US. According to DAmico (2013), the US houses the biggest population in its prisons compared to other nations. The growth in the population over the last 40 years can be attributed to the war on drugs. Drug prohibition leads to an increase in violent crimes through the formation of cartels and gangs. The impact of high population growth in prisons presents a rising incarceration budget in all countries. This paper will discuss the causes of population increase in prisons and outline measures that can be taken to incarceration. Increases in expected time served Increase in the time that offenders serve in prison is one of the major causes of population increase in prisons all over the world. Changes in the time served by drug offenders contribute to about of the total increase. Authorities have revised the prison terms to include longer time as an effort to deter other people from committing the crime (Carrabine, 2004, p.23). The loss of freedom, in addition to monetary fines that are imposed on offenders serve to discourage prisoners from committing the crime again. One of the ways of making this method effective is to increase the term for a specified crime. Such an increase has resulted into longer stays for prisoners thus leading to an increase in the population. High conviction rates Conviction rate refers to the number of convictions that a government or prosecutor makes compared to total number of cases that are filed. In a majority of nations, an arrest is usually followed by a court proceeding against the person arrested. Arrestees are aligned in court in order to determine whether or not the person should be convicted. The conviction rate thus represents the frequency of arrests that lead to conviction in relation to the total arrests during a specific time. Conviction rates vary from one country to another or from one judicial system to the other. Some countries publish different conviction rates for drug offenses, kidnapping, traffic offenses and cyber crimes among others. Over time, conviction rates have increased in most nations. Increase in conviction rates occurs as a result of an increase in budgetary allocations to judicial systems. Sufficient budget allows for an increase in staff resulting in an increase in the number of cases presented to court for sentencing. This increases the number of successful convictions. As a result, the population of prisons increases. High conviction rate accounts for about a quarter of the total increase. Higher rates of sentencing contribute to an increase in prison population. Sentencing rate refers to the rate at which arrested persons are sentenced by a court compared to the number aligned before the court. In most judicial systems, the proportion of offenders who received court imposed sentences has increased. The increase pertains to most offenses such as fraudulent property offenders, drug offenders and non regulatory property offenders. Increase in law enforcement An aggregate increase in law enforcement activities has also contributed to the expansion of prison populations. Enforcements trends vary across the various types of offenses, and the duration. Authorities all over the world have stepped up their enforcement activities in order to enforce law and order. This factor contributes to about 5 percent of the total increase. In countries such as the US, the heightened immigration authority has contributed heavily to the increase. Weapon offenses such as possession of a firearm illegally have also led to higher number of inmates. This is as a result of a higher investigation rate, as well as federal arrests. High recidivism rate Recidivism refers to the act of a person repeating a behavior that is undesirable or illegal after efforts to train the person on how to extinguish such a behavior, or after the person has experienced negative consequences as a result of that behavior. In criminology, the term refers to the re arresting of offenders after committing the same crime that got them in prison. Criminal recidivism is related to psychopathy. The psychopathy refers to an uninhibited gratification mostly common in criminals, aggressive or sexual impulses, as well as the inability to learn from ones past mistakes. Studies have shown that individuals suffering from this disorder gain gratification from antisocial behaviors and often lack remorse for such actions. Recidivism rate thus refers to the rate at which offenders who have gone through the prison correction system are arrested again for the same offense. The most common cases of recidivism involve cases related to drunk driving, drug offenses and cyber crimes among others (Haugen and Musser, 2009, p.120). Increasing rates of recidivism has contributed to the increase in prison populations. Violating or unsuccessfully completing community supervision One way of correcting offender is by imposing community service correction method. This method involves offenders reporting to a given community service task for a specified period of time. This method is intended to keep the offenders occupied, as well as deter them from committing the crime again. This method is lenient compared to prison sentences since the offender is not denied the freedom of movement. The offender can either serve a specified time in prison before serving the community, or serve the entire term serving the community depending on the age of the offender and the offense. However, serving community does not guarantee ones freedom since the offender is expected to attend to the duties at the specified time without failure. In order to ensure that offenders perform the duties as directed, each offender is assigned a supervisor who ensures that the community service is done as directed. Any violations are reported to the court, and the consequences go as far as imprisonment. An increase in the rate of violations regarding to community service mainly results in imprisonment (McShane, 2008, p.86). This in turn results to an increase in the population of inmates. Harsher penalties for certain types of offenses In a bid to decrease the rate of certain offenses, judicial systems have opted to impose harsher sentences on offenders. Such crimes include drug offenses, immigration offenses and homicide among others. Offenders committing such crimes stay longer in prison as a measure to deter them from committing the same crime in future, as well as discourage others from committing the same crime. The longer stay in prison means that at any one time, the number of inmates will always be high. The war on drugs has been intensified in most countries around the world. The police have received higher budgetary allocations in order to curd drug offenses among others. They have also increased their investigations on such issues, as well as the number of suspects arrested for the same. The judicial system has contributed to the war by imposing harsher sentences on offenders. Convicted inmates serving a greater portion of their sentences in prison Reforms in the criminal justice system have also contributed in a significant rise in the number of prisoners. This especially refers to the reforms that have resulted in prisoners serving a bigger portion of their sentence term in prison. Under such reforms, the offender spends more time in prison as a measure to deter them from committing the same offense again in the future. The time spent on community service is relatively small. As much as this has led to efficient correction systems, it has resulted in population increase leading to overcrowding in prisons. Poor planning and inaccurate population projections Inaccurate projection of inmates population has resulted in poor planning that has seen population in prisons increase. Lack of proper planning has resulted in overcrowding in prisons, one of the major impacts of population increase. Poor planning has also provided inaccurate data on community correction options. Policy makers have failed to make effective policies on community correction so as to distribute the number of offenders in both systems depending on the offense. This has caused a big proportion of offenders spending their entire term in prison, whereas they could be corrected by use of community correction methods. Measures to reduce incarceration Incarceration refers to the detention of an offender in prison as a punishment for a crime committed. Different judicial systems have different laws that govern the process of incarceration. Incarceration serves four significant purposes. First, it isolates criminals in order to deter them from committing more crimes. Secondly, it serves as a punishment for committing the offense. Thirdly, incarceration serves to deter other people or criminals from committing the same offense. Lastly, it rehabilitates the criminals into productive members of the society. Increase in incarceration impacts directly on population in prisons, which on the other hand has a direct effect on congestion. Reduce laws governing nonviolent crimes According to Treadwell (2006) the current treatment of non violent crimes has greatly increased incarceration in most countries. In some states such as California, the penalty for both minor and non violent offenses ranges from 5 years to life imprisonment (Clear and Cole, 1990). The result is a big percent of prisoners are minor offenders who can use community correction measures. These laws are extremely strict on minor offenders and lead to increasing number of inmates. The best way to handle such crimes is to devise effective community correction methods that do not involve imprisonment. Employment policies Studies have shown that more than half of the prison population consists of people earning below a dollar. Most countries especially the developing countries are characterized by high rates of unemployment. This in turn leads to increased crime as a way of sustaining oneself. Studies have shown that about 70 percent of offenders admit that they were unemployed at the time of the arrest (Guess and Farnham, 2000, p.117). The contribution of high rates of unemployment can be addressed through effective policies on employment. The policies should aim at creating jobs for all citizens in a country, as well as providing incentives for self employment opportunities. This will reduce the rate of unemployment buy providing jobs to would be offenders. This in turn will reduce incarceration. Eliminate profit making prison companies In some nations, US for instance, the criminal justice systems use the services of privately managed prisons, in addition to the government managed prisons. Such companies rely on high incarceration rates for higher profits. The demand of such private facilities is caused by among others, high crime rate, relaxation of law enforcement efforts. All these factors are beyond the control of the private prison facilities. Reducing the demand of these facilities can reduce the rate of incarceration (Petrella, 2013). This can be achieved through a change of sentencing patterns to reduce the number of prison inmates through alternative correction methods. Prison education programs Research has shown that effective prison education programs can reduce the rate of recidivism. In the previous section, recidivism has been identified as a cause of population increase in prisons. An effective education program can reduce the rate at which offenders are re arrested for the same crime. Such an educational program equips inmates with skills that can be applied after they are released from prison (Jacobson, 2005, p.76). This will be effective in reducing recidivism in prisons, and thus reduce incarceration. Conclusion Most countries have been experiencing an increase in the population of inmates mostly due to the nature of their criminal justice systems, increase in conviction rates, an increase in recidivism and increase in law enforcement activities. This has resulted in overcrowding and a strain of facilities and budgetary allocations for the prison departments. Curbing the increasing incarceration can reduce the population burden in many prisons. This can be achieved by implementing effective prison education programs, reducing sentence for minor offenders and enforcing effective employment policies in order to increase employment opportunities.